Understanding Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Symptoms, Treatment, and Support
– by Emma Spencer Clinical Psychologist
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterised by unwanted and intrusive thoughts, images, or urges (obsessions) that trigger intensely distressing feelings. To alleviate these feelings, individuals engage in repetitive behaviours or mental acts (compulsions). OCD affects people of all ages, including children and adults, and can significantly interfere with daily functioning and quality of life.
What are the Symptoms of OCD?
The symptoms of OCD can vary widely but generally fall into two categories: obsessions and compulsions.
Obsessions: Obsessions are persistent and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that cause significant anxiety or distress. Common obsessions include:
- Fear of contamination by germs or dirt
- Intense worry about harm befalling oneself or others
- Unwanted taboo thoughts involving sex, religion, or violence
- Preoccupation with symmetry, order, or exactness
Compulsions: Compulsions are repetitive behaviours or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. Common compulsions include:
- Excessive cleaning and handwashing
- Repeatedly checking doors, locks, or appliances
- Counting, tapping, or repeating certain words
- Arranging items in a specific, orderly manner
These behaviours are often time-consuming and can interfere with personal, social, academic and professional life.
What is the Treatment for OCD?
Effective treatment for OCD often involves a combination of therapy and medication. One of the most effective therapeutic approaches is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), specifically a type called Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP).
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): CBT helps individuals understand the relationship between their thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. By identifying and challenging irrational thoughts, individuals can reduce the power of their obsessions and learn healthier ways to respond.
Medication: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed to help manage OCD symptoms. These medications can reduce the intensity of obsessions and compulsions, making it easier for individuals to engage in therapy.
Combined Approach: Many individuals benefit from a combined approach of CBT and medication. Working with a psychologist or child psychologist who specializes in OCD can ensure a tailored treatment plan that addresses the unique needs of each person.
What is Exposure and Response Prevention?
Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is a key component of CBT for treating OCD. ERP involves exposing individuals to situations that trigger their obsessions in a controlled and gradual manner. The goal is to prevent the usual compulsive response, allowing the person to experience the anxiety and learn that it diminishes over time without performing the compulsive behaviour.
How ERP Works
- Assessment: A psychologist assesses the individual's obsessions and compulsions to create a hierarchy of feared situations.
- Exposure: The individual gradually confronts these feared situations, starting with those that cause the least anxiety.
- Response Prevention: During exposure, the individual refrains from engaging in compulsive behaviours.
- Habituation: Over time, the individual's anxiety decreases through repeated exposure without the use of compulsions.
ERP can be challenging, but with the guidance and support of a trained psychologist, individuals can make significant progress in managing their OCD symptoms.
At Spencer Health, we understand the challenges that come with OCD. Our team of experienced psychologists is trained in the latest therapeutic techniques, including CBT and ERP, to help both children and adults manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. We currently have availability for new clients. For more information, please visit our website at www.spencerhealth.com.au or email us at enquiries@spencerhealth.com.au. Let us help you on your journey to better mental health.